Memory Test For Positive And Negative Words Psychology Essay

Memory Test For dictatorial And Negative intelligence operations Psychology EssayIn the hire of Word Memory, umpteen opposite types of researches hold back been make in the past. In many of these researches we fag end find that many different factors affect the way we hark back some terminology. Examples of different factors are familiarity, imageability, arousal, and valence. In this particular study we took a look at one of these factors, detrimental and constructive talking to. The exits in this investigate were shown a numerate of 20 different rowing, and our hypothesis subjects with low crocked age allow for remember to a greater extent negative manner of speaking than autocratic ones. However we did not find any relevant difference betwixt the two groups of words, more extensive studies could be carried out on the subject to see relevant differences.Introduction.There has been broad different researches in the palm of Word Memory, and experts direct bee n trying to figure out whether word memory is affected by different variables. In some try outs it has come to igniter that word medical history is greatly affected by word concreteness. concrete words are easier to remember than abstract words (Walker, Ian Hulme, Charles, 1999). But provided it is not the only factor that can affect word memory. In some other cases, it was shown that the results were affected by the absolute frequency of the words. As shown in the study conducted by Robert E. Guttentag and Donna Carroll (1997), word recollection is greatly affected by the frequency of the words The findings indicated that subjects were better at remembering the mental operations utilized at study for low frequency than for high frequency words. In this research in particular we are going to emphasis on the emotionality of the words, such as positive and negative words.In long-term memory, negative information is better remembered than neutral information. Differences in proc esses fundamental to working memory may contribute to this emotional memory sweetening (Kensinger, Elizabeth A. Corkin, Suzanne, 2003) As stated emotion in memory can have quite a big repair. The way we feel about words smasheding can greatly change the amount of time we will remember that specific word. In another experiment, subjects were depression induced, and had to undergo recollection of words. The experiments showed that emotion played a key role into the controlled group and the other. The subjects were recolling words based on the emotions induced from the experimenters. (Bradley, Mogg, Galbraith Perrett, 1993).Our goal is to investigate on the military force of emotionality in words recollection. Subjects will be shown 2 different groups of words for a total of 20 words. Negative words and unequivocal words. Since pre-experiment we knew that the age of the participants and size of the group were relatively small, we hypothesized that the participants will remember negative words more than positive words.Methods.DesignThe experiment was a within subject design and the controlled variable was the valency of the words, positive and negative. The number of the words that each participant would remember was the dependent variable. The problem of order effectuate was overcome by creating two separate powerpoint unveilings. The order of the words was as well different and randomized.ParticipantsAll of the participants were part of the psychology class at Aberdeen university. 16 subjects. Out of all the participants only 1 was male, the rest 15 were females. The spurious age of the participants was 20.69, with a SD of 2.44ApparatusThe main tool of the experiment were presentations done by development PowerPoint. All the subjects were presented with 20 words (10 positive 10 negative). The source were we took the words is Bellezza, Greenwald and Banajis (1986) catalogue of words. The 20 words were on a sweet scale. Positive pleasantness mean 4. 50, negative pleasantness mean 1,64. In order to randomize and finding out the mean of pleasantness of the words also the program Microsoft Excel was used. Later for the results and analysis, a bundle named Statistical Package for Social Science was used.ProcedureEach subject was given a computer were the power point presentation was started. The presentation gave the instructions to each participant. The first slide showed the participants that they would be shown a list of 20 words, each word was shown on screen for only 2 seconds. Afterwards they would have to remember as many words as they could from the ones shown. It also said that between the acquisition and recollection of the words they would take a 2 minutes mathematical questionnaire, and then they could write batch as many words as they could remember from the slides.After the experiment was over, we recorded the results of each participant and their sex and age. We then took those results and analyzed them using SPSS. Results.The results were the following the mean number of words remembered for negative learn was 4.00 with a SD of 1.63, the beat error was 0.41. Instead for the positive condition, the mean was 3.69 with a SD of 1.54 and the standard error of 0.38. The results can be seen in chart below ( foretell 1). assure 1. Means for both negative and positive scores. Each top obviate rappresents the plus or minus 1 for standard error.Since the results shown in Figure 1 very similar to each other, more analysis had to be done. A paired samples t-test was used in this case. The t-test showed that the mean for positive condition was 3.69, with a SD of 1.54. The mean for the negative condition was 4.00 with a SD of 1.63. Therefore the results showed us that there were no relevant differences between the two condition. Due to the results been non-significant, we can state that our hypothesis is not supported and it could be rejected.Discussion.According to doubting Thomas Hasher (2006), the ph enomena stated in our hypothesis would happen if the subjects were of younger age. Unfortunately as we saw in our results, our hypothesis, that negative words would be remembered more than positive words, was rejected. This could be due to different factors such as sex, age (Thomas Hasher, 2006), ethnicity and total of subject.Many different things could be the reason why we did not realize the results we were expecting. For example, the number of our participant was limited to 16. In a case where we would of have 100 or 1000 we could of seen the differences in the means curve. Also the words were a limited number. A list of 20 words could be too few to prove the hypothesis. For future studies these aspects should be observed and alter in order to see results more towards to our hypothesis.Conclusion.To conclude, the results in this experiment were not to expectations. The low number of participants and the list of few words were the main factors for these results. In future exp eriments perchance we would take in consideration these factors and also advance other particulars, such as space where the experiment is taken perhaps a single room for each participant would have impact on the recollection of words (less distractions). And also the time and task ahead the recollection, could be a bit longer time and different/more challenging task.